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Lead (Pb) Turn-around time = 5 to 7 days. Specimen is hair and/or urine. Lead is a heavy metal commonly found in the environment. It can be an acute or chronic toxin. Lead is present at 35% world wide in paints made before 1970. The lead in paints for household use was limited to less than 5% world wide in 1972. Ceramics from noncommercial sources may contain significant amounts of lead that can be leached out with weak acids such as vinegar and fruit juices. Leaded crystal may contain up to 10% lead which can be leached out by fruit juices. Water transported through lead or lead soldered pipes contain lead, especially if the water is slightly acidic. If present in blood, an amount as little as 10 ug Pb/dL may cause hypertension in adults, and I.Q., hearing and growth problems in kids. An amount of about 17 ug Pb/RBC in women and kids increases protoporphyrin and decreases vitamin D metabolism. An amount of 20 ugs causes nerve conduction in kids to decrease and RBC protoporphyrin to increase in men. An amount between 30 and 50 ugs causes systolic hypertension, infertility, neuropathy, decreased hearing, encephalopathy and frank anemia to occur. An amount between 100 and 120 ug/dL results in encephalopathy and death. Reference values established in our laboratory for lead are: Hair = 0.0 to 2.5 ug/g Urine Pre-chelation = 0 to 30 ug/24 hr Urine Post-chelation = 15 to 80 ug/24 hr Selected References: Blood lead determined by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with Perkin-Elmer 4100ZL. New York Department of Health. December 18. 1991. Back to Minerals Home Page

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